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Promoting Gender Equality with SEL

Gender inequality, which includes unequal relations between women and men at educational, social, and cultural levels, continues to be a worldwide issue (Cornwall & Rivas 2015; DeJaeghere, 2012; Ridgeway, 2011; Unterhalter, 2014). These inequalities often arise from the socially constructed differences in gender roles that have been attributed to women and men (Wood & Eagly, 2015). In childhood, young boys and girls are, as a result, growing up learning that they are fundamentally different from one another in a multitude of ways. The binary-based gender expectations imposed on children, through various models of socialization (e.g., educators, family, peers, etc.), have been shown to influence the way children perceive, understand and value their own and others’ gender identities (Basow, 2010; Bhana & Mayeza, 2016; Halim et al., 2014).

Children learn how to think about themselves and others from the messages they hear in the classroom.

A study by Melan and Kaltvedt (2019) investigated how educators can contribute to the maintenance of traditional gender stereotypes in primary school classrooms. Their findings revealed that educators had very different expectations of girls and boys, and that they also responded differently to what was communicated by their male vs. female students. For instance, teachers tend to discipline boys more severely and provide them with more praise and feedback than they do girls. However, when girls are praised for their work, it is mostly related to physical appearance, such as neatness, cleanliness, or artistic quality, instead of content. As such, children learn how to think about themselves and others from the messages they hear in the classroom, and these often include stereotypes about gender that stick with them as they get older and become adults.

As suggested by Araúz-Ledezma et al. (2021), one approach that could help reduce this gender inequality is Social and Emotional Learning (SEL; e.g., Durlak, 2011). One of the most prominent frameworks in SEL research was developed by the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL, 2020), and addresses the five core competencies in social and emotional learning; including (1) self-awareness (e.g., understanding our emotions, thoughts and values), (2) self-management (e.g., managing our emotions, thoughts and behaviors), (3) social awareness (e.g., understanding and empathizing with others), (4) relationship skills (e.g., establishing and maintaining healthy relationships), and (5) responsible decision making (e.g., making caring and constructive choices about our behaviors).

With regards to the promotion of gender equality, SEL’s emphasis on the development of self and social awareness and relationship skills are especially important. For example, when it comes to thinking about the actions and behaviors one takes in relation to others of the same or different genders, educators could guide students in exploring aspects of their own identity development, and the ways in which they portray their gendered social norms and values through their own thinking, feeling and acting (Araúz-Ledezma et al., 2021). In adopting an SEL approach, families could also encourage children to build relationships within their diverse neighborhoods and communities (UNICEF, 2019) and promote respect within their personal relationships with children of all genders (Cahill et al., 2019; Cherewick et al., 2021).

By giving children the opportunity to think about the social nature of gender and its implications in their own lives, we are encouraging them to move towards more thoughtful and meaningful personal relationships.

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